Total Quality Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words - 1

Absolute Quality Management - Essay Example Different methods of enhancements that can prompt its prosperity and improvement of the organization in an increasingly all encompassing manner has likewise been talked about in this investigation. All out Quality Management (TQM) at Toyota Japanese associations were the first to embrace quality administration standards during the mid 1950s (Ho, 2011, p. 12). The crucial ideas driving TQM which incorporate strategies like Just-in-Time (JIT) and jidoka which means in-station quality were not initially evolved by Toyota. Anyway the creation followed by Toyota are broadly contemplated and followed by numerous associations working their organizations around the world. Kaizen or nonstop quality structures the premise of Toyota Production System (TPS). Kaizen is seen as upheld at pretty much every degrees of the organization. It helps in expanding the responsibility levels of the workers of the association, in this manner helping it to lessen its expenses and increment in its exhibition le vels. The complete quality administration framework followed by Toyota is generally known as Toyota Production System (TPS). ... The association needs to have a top-down methodology towards actualizing TQM to have any sort of significant impacts producing out of it. Consequently the TQM technique should be started by the top administration of the association and from that point it would permeate down to all the administration levels of the association. 2) The Scope: The extent of TQM inside an association isn't restricted to specific individuals or offices. To actualize TQM in the hierarchical framework it is important to include every single individual working for the organization and it likewise needs to incorporate all the business forms carried on inside the association. There must be some pre-characterized objectives or targets of the association and every one of the branches of the organization would be cooperating for the satisfaction of the objectives of the association all in all. 3) The Scale: Each and every individual working for an association are intended to have a few duties at the individual lev els for the improvement and support of nature of the items or administrations offered by the organization and guaranteeing the fulfillment of its clients. Alongside the outside clients related with a business association, the inward clients who are fundamentally the representatives of the association are additionally required to be happy with the workplace inside the organization. Appropriate correspondence levels and collaboration must be guaranteed through coordinated endeavors by all the interior clients of the association. 4) The Philosophy: The way of thinking behind the idea of TQM is that it doesn't focus on discovery of any sorts of deformities or blunders however is focused on the counteraction of event of such imperfections or mistakes. Thus in

Off and On Compounds

Now and again Compounds Now and again Compounds Now and again Compounds By Mark Nichol Now and again as often as possible show up as prefixes, yet word structure can differ: Should the prefix be hyphenated to the root word, or should the whole word be a shut compound? This post records instances of such terms. Prefixed words, similar to compound words, experience a transformative procedure. Not at all like similar to the case with mixes, be that as it may, there is no open stage. On the web, strange, and such get from being â€Å"on a line† or â€Å"off the beat,† for instance, yet they never existed as â€Å"on line† or â€Å"off beat.† (â€Å"On line† is a regional variation of â€Å"in line,† alluding to remaining in a line, yet this sense is particular from the thought of an electronic connection.) However, the previous started out in hyphenated structure, changing during the 1990s as web perusing went standard (however a couple of distributions and associations remain holdouts), while odd was instituted as a shut compound. Cut off and on-developments are pervasive, however some hyphenated terms persevere. By and large, be that as it may, if the word is a thing, it is shut. Think about the accompanying: branch and posterity, and spectator and beginning. (Nonetheless, exit ramp and entrance ramp adamantly remain hyphenated.) Descriptive words appear to be to a greater degree a diverse assortment: Besides strange and on the web, shut mixes incorporate counterbalancing and progressing and the sets offside and onside, seaward and inland, and offstage and in front of an audience (which are all sometimes observed hyphenated). In any case, note the sets on-air and off-air and off-screen and on-screen, just as crude, off-key, untouchable, and grayish. (A couple of such terms, for example, off-screen and on-screen, at times seem shut.) Note that expressions starting with off or on that serve to adjust a thing are hyphenated before it, as in â€Å"off-the-sleeve remarks† and â€Å"on-the-work injuries.† Treatment after the thing shifts, be that as it may, as per whether the expression is lasting or transitory. Spur of the moment, which shows up in word references, is rendered as such after the thing (â€Å"remarks made off-the-cuff†), while â€Å"on the job† isn't viewed as a standing expression, so it isn't hyphenated when it follows a thing (â€Å"injuries that happened while a representative was on the job†). How can one know the contrast between such expressions? One keeps a rundown or counsels a word reference, or both. Shockingly, one of these techniques, or a mix of the two, is basic likewise for affirming the style for terms prefixed by off or on. Need to improve your English quickly a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Vocabulary class, check our mainstream posts, or pick a related post below:Inquire versus Enquire10 Types of Transitions20 Names of Body Parts and Elements and Their Figurative Meanings

Etiquette At Work Essay -- Etiquette in the Workplace

For the greater part of us nowadays, working isn't a choice, however a need. Attempting to keep up a vocation and a family can be requesting and unpleasant. While managing ordinary errands at home, supper, schoolwork and different duties, a few people believe that being grinding away resembles having a break. Then again, for a solitary individual, work might be the main public activity they have. While utilizing the work environment as an outlet to escape from everything or as a spot to mingle, it is critical to know about activities at work that may bother your collaborators. One of these activities is discussing your own life at each chance. Demonstrating photos of your youngsters, boasting about how brilliant and gifted they are, giving a bit by bit record of what your infant did that was charming, or why your kid is the best soccer player in the group can get repetitive after so long. While there is nothing amiss with being pleased with your youngsters and family, the working environment isn't an ideal opportunity to harp on them. The equivalent goes for whatever other individual occasion that might be going on in your life. While these occ...

Convicted Criminals and Recorded DNA essays

Sentenced Criminals and Recorded DNA papers Once sentenced hoodlums have their DNA fingerprints in CrimTrac's database, police can distinguish them quicker as suspects, in the event that they re-annoy, which spares examination time. When stood up to with DNA proof, blameworthy suspects might be bound to admit and confess, likewise sparing police time and lessening court costs. The DNA database gives Australian police an instrument to expand the conclusion pace of genuine offenses as well as high volume violations, for example, robberies. The same number of wrongdoings are comprehended all the more quickly, the police will be allowed to research different violations that are exceptional. As more wrongdoings are explored and illuminated, Australia will turn into a more secure spot to live. This is a significant contention for all individuals sentenced for a wrongdoing to have their DNA fingerprints put away on the DNA database. Be that as it may, regardless of the current accomplishment of DNA databases, for example, CrimTrac, concerns are raised about the morals directly included, and furthermore, the future repercussions of such a database being in presence. One present concern is that with such a significant number of tests being gathered, there is a remote possibility that two DNA fingerprints would appear to be identical however not be from a similar individual (other than the instance of indistinguishable twins). In the event that a sentenced criminal has their DNA on record and is later seen as a comparative match to DNA found at another wrongdoing scene, it would be exceptionally hard for the individual to contend that the individual in question had nothing to do with the wrongdoing, also inconceivable for an indistinguishable twin to contend on DNA proof alone. It can likewise be contended that sentenced lawbreakers might be ensnared in some other wrongdoing just dependent on where they happened to leave a DNA trail. Concerns are raised that sentenced hoodlums will be treated as peons. In spite of individuals seeing DNA as being solid, in criminal preliminaries, scientific specialists talk just about the likelihood that DNA originated from a litigant, and not 'yes' or 'no' to its topic coordinating DNA at the... <!

Nike Should Achieve Competition Advantage and Re-position Itself Essay - 1

Nike Should Achieve Competition Advantage and Re-position Itself - Essay Example So as to differentið °te, Ð °ccording to unmistakable pð °tterns of strð °tegic behð °vior, Nike enters Ð ° new mð °rket, the footbð °ll teð °m pack. By concentrating differentið °tion on an item, organizations could commð °nd premium costs for their items. Items spoke to best in class contributions in the business. In this mð °rket, a level of differentið °tion isn't lð °rge. Nike courses Ð ° mð °rket where contenders cð °n differentið °te their items Ð °nd thð °t is the reason hð °ve less rivð °lry. Rivð °lry is decreased where clients hð °ve high exchanging costs - for example there is Ð ° significð °nt cost Ð °ssocið °ted with the choice to get items from Ð °n Ð °lternð °tive contender. Nike proposes to its client's serious costs Ð °nd guarantees client sð °tisfð °ction. Nike’s mð °in contender (Dð °niels et Ð °l 2006), Ð didð °s, follows the strð °tegy which hð °s Ð ° greð °t impð °ct on the opposition. The Ð °nð °lysis propo ses thð °t Ð °ny unrivaled mð °tch between compð °ny skills Ð °nd clients needs allows the firm to outâ ¬perform contenders. In generð °l, Nike bð °ses its serious strð °tegy on overð °ll leð °dership Ð °nd differentið °tion building the most effective fð °cilities (as far as scð °le or innovation) Ð °nd obtð °ins the lð °rgest shð °re of mð °rket. These Ð °dvð °ntð °ges, thusly, give them Ð ° substð °ntið °l leð °d as far as involvement in building the administration. Experience then leð °ds to more refineâ ¬ments of the whole procedure of creation, conveyance, Ð °nd administration, which leð °ds to furâ ¬ther cost decreases. Nike hð °s Ð ° mð °rketð °ble portfolio which guarantees its leð °dership position on the mð °rket. The investigation reveð °led thð °t Nike doesn't seek after minimal effort strð °tegies. Inside these globð °l serious conditions, Nike overwhelmingly emphð °sizes differentið °tion strð °tegies, where serious situati ng is predominð °ntly bð °sed on quð °lity contributions Ð °nd brð °nd imð °ge. Quð °lity is Ð °lmost universð °lly focused on Ð °s Ð ° necessð °ry determinð °nt of intensity. Ð nother subject apparent in the discoveries is the importð °nce strð °tegy-industry fit plð °ys in deciding specialty unit performð °nce. Here it is perceived thð °t view of industry pressures mð °y be more importð °nt thð °n the Ð °ctuð °l pressures in deciding strð °tegies Ð °nd subsequently performð °nce.

Symptoms and Diagnosis of Social Anxiety Disorder

Symptoms and Diagnosis of Social Anxiety Disorder Social Anxiety Disorder Symptoms Print Symptoms and Diagnosis of Social Anxiety Disorder By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 19, 2018 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on June 25, 2019 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children In This Article Table of Contents Expand Physical Symptoms Physical Symptoms Cognitive Symptoms Behavioral Symptoms Symptoms in Kids Diagnosis When to Seek Help View All People with social anxiety disorder (SAD) experience significant and chronic fear of social or performance-related situations in which there is the possibility of becoming embarrassed, rejected, or scrutinized. In these situations, people with SAD almost always experience physical symptoms of anxiety. Although they know their fear is unreasonable, they cant seem to do anything to stop it, so they either avoid these situations altogether or get through them while feeling intense anxiety and distress. In this way, social anxiety disorder extends beyond everyday shyness and can be extremely impairing. Symptoms of social anxiety disorder typically fall within three different areas. Illustration by  Brianna Gilmartin, Verywell? Physical Symptoms The physical symptoms of SAD?? can be extremely distressing. Common ones include: BlushingSweatingShakingMuscle tensionChillsChest tightnessChest painTrembling voiceShortness of breathLump in the throatBlurred visionRinging in the earsHeadachesDry mouthDizzinessNauseaDiarrheaParesthesias (tingling)Heart racing (tachycardia)Heart pounding (palpitations)Feelings of unreality (derealization) or feelings of detachment from oneself (depersonalization) For some people, these physical symptoms may become so severe that they escalate into a full-blown panic attack. However, unlike those with panic disorder, people with SAD know that their panic is provoked by fears of social and performance-related situations rather than fears about the panic attacks themselves. Cognitive Symptoms Social anxiety disorder also involves cognitive symptoms, which are dysfunctional thought patterns. Individuals with this condition are bothered by negative thoughts and self-doubt when it comes to social and performance-related situations. Below are some common symptoms that you  may experience: Negative Bias: A tendency to discount positive social encounters and magnify the social abilities of others.Negative Thoughts: Automatic negative evaluations about yourself in social or performance-related situations. For example, imagine you start a new job or arrive on the first day of a new class. The instructor or manager asks everyone to introduce themselves to the group. Someone with social anxiety disorder may start to have thoughts such as, “Everyone else looks so much more relaxed,”  â€œWhat if I say something dumb?” or  â€œWhat if everyone notices my voice shaking?” These thoughts start to rapidly spiral out of control to the point that you dont hear anything anyone else has said. When it comes to your turn, you say as little as possible and hope that no one has noticed your anxiety.Negative Beliefs: Strongly held beliefs about your inadequacy in social and/or performance-related situations. If these negative thought patterns are allowed to continue without treatment, they may also erode your self-esteem over time, so its important to seek treatment. What Is Self-Esteem? Behavioral Symptoms People with social anxiety disorder also act in certain ways. They tend to make choices based on fear and avoidance rather than actual preferences, desires, or ambitions. For example, you may have dropped a class to avoid doing a presentation or turned down a job promotion because it meant increased social and performance demands. In severe cases, if left untreated, people with generalized SAD are particularly at risk of having a poor quality of life. They may have few or no friends, no romantic relationships, drop out of school or quit jobs, and may use alcohol to tolerate anxiety. Below are some common behavioral symptoms: Avoidance: The things done or not done to reduce anxiety about being in social or performance-related situations.Safety Behaviors: Actions taken to control or limit experiences of social or performance-related situations.Escape: Leaving or escaping from a feared social or performance situation. What Are Avoidance Behaviors? Symptoms in Kids Social anxiety disorder in children and teens may appear differently than in adults.?? Young children with the disorder may cling to a parent, have a tantrum when forced into a social situation, refuse to play with other kids, cry, or complain of an upset stomach or other physical problem. Behavioral inhibition during childhood is often a precursor for later social anxiety. In contrast, adolescents with SAD may avoid group gatherings altogether or show little interest in having friends. How to Recognize SAD in Kids Diagnosis A diagnosis of social anxiety disorder cannot be made with any lab test or physical exam. As with all mental disorders, a diagnosis is based on whether a person meets certain standardized criteria set by the American Psychiatric Association (APA). To this end, mental health professional will refer to handbook called the  Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,  published by the APA. The process of diagnosis?? entails a review of the patients mental health history and an interview to evaluate the persons perceptions and experiences. With regards to SAD, one aim of the evaluation would be to determine whether the fear is so severe as to interfere with your  daily functioning, school work, employment, or relationships. SAD Diagnostic Criteria You have marked fear or anxiety about one or more social situations in which you might be scrutinized by others, such as meeting new people, being observed eating, or giving a speech.You fear that you will humiliate or embarrass yourself and be rejected by others based on how you act or because you display symptoms of anxiety.You always experience fear or anxiety in these situations.The fear or anxiety that you experience is out of proportion to the actual threat of the situation.This fear or anxiety has lasted for 6 months or longer.This fear or anxiety causes significant distress or impairment in important areas of your life, such as your work or connections with others.This fear or anxiety cannot be attributed to the effects of a drug/medication, is not explained by another mental disorder, and is not related to a medical condition. If you only experience these fears when speaking or performing in public, then the specifier performance only will be added to your diagnosis of social anxiety disorder. Other Diagnostic Tools In addition to using the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-5 to render a diagnosis, mental health professionals sometimes use rating scales to help assess the level of social anxiety or specific types of symptoms. This can be particularly helpful in the case of treatment, as your symptoms can be assessed before and after to determine whether things have improved. Some examples of other assessments include the Mini Social Phobia Inventory and  Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. As part of cognitive-behavioral therapy, the Subjective Units of Distress Scale is also used. When to Seek Help If you live with social anxiety, you may wonder whether your symptoms are severe enough for you to be diagnosed with social anxiety disorder (SAD). It may be hard to know whether what you are experiencing is an illness that can be diagnosed. As a rule of thumb, if the symptoms you are experiencing are significantly affecting aspects of your daily lifeâ€"such as relationships, work, or schoolâ€"in a negative way or you find yourself avoiding situations because of anxiety, a trip to the doctor may be in order. A psychiatrist or other mental health professional can help with treatment. The good news is that symptoms respond well to treatment.?? The physical, cognitive, and behavioral symptoms of SAD can respond well to psychotherapy such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), exposure therapy, and medication. If you have not already been diagnosed with SAD, obtaining a diagnosis and finding an anxiety therapist should be your first priority. Social Anxiety Disorder Discussion Guide Get our printable guide to help you ask the right questions at your next doctors appointment. Download PDF The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs Differential Diagnosis There are many conditions that share similarities with social anxiety disorder. Often, these may be diagnosed along with SAD. Differential diagnosis might include the following conditions: Selective Mutism:  Selective mutism involves a failure to speak in specific social situations (e.g., at school) and is usually diagnosed in childhood. Children with this disorder will fail to speak at school but may talk with their family at home.Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering): Childhood-onset fluency disorder is listed as a neurodevelopmental disorder but can also cause anxiety about speaking in public.Avoidant Personality Disorder: This disorder involves the same symptoms as social anxiety disorder but to a stronger degree, with a broader pattern of avoidance.Panic Disorder: Panic disorder involves unexpected panic attacks that appear to come out of the blue. Unlike those with SAD, people with panic disorder may suspect a medical cause for their anxiety.Agoraphobia: Agoraphobia is diagnosed alongside panic disorder and refers to a fear of having a panic attack in a place from which it would be hard to escape. People with social anxiety disorder may also be diagnosed with panic disorder and agoraphobia, but these are separate conditions.Autism Spectrum Disorder: Autism spectrum disorder involves impairment in social communication across a range of context. Children who have high-functioning autism (Level 1) may also have social anxiety. A Word From Verywell While only a trained mental health professional can provide a diagnosis, reading about the symptoms of the disorder will help inform whether what you are feeling is typical of those with SAD. If you do find that your symptoms match a diagnosis of SAD, try not to feel too upset. Many mental health concerns are very amenable to treatment and social anxiety disorder falls into this category. Getting help may feel hard at first, but it will very much be a step in the right direction and worth it in the end. Understanding the Causes of Social Anxiety Disorder

Stаtеmеnt Оf Реrsоnаl Dеvеlорmеnt Management Assignment - 1100 Words

StÐ °tÐ µmÐ µnt Оf Ð  Ã µrsÐ ¾nÐ °l DÐ µvÐ µlÐ ¾Ã'€mÐ µnt Management Assignment (Admission Essay Sample) Content: Name of the studentCourse NameName of instructorDateOverviewAs I was almost finalizing on my Associate of Chartered Insurance Institute ACII studies, my career as an insurance professional as i had chosen way back in the year 1998 took a totally different direction. I decided to move from Ping and Insurance Company, a contractor of all risks, a company I served as a claims executive, to ING Insurance Company Limited maintaining the same position of Claims Officer. The new opportunity came with massive knowledge expansion as it presented new avenues for venturing in varied activities like Entrusting and consulting varied carders of professionals such as the Legal Advisors, Medical Practitioners, Registered Occupational Therapists and Loss Adjusters. However, the professional expansion presented a number of challenges particularly associated with my own personal growth and development. In happened that the plan I had for my fellowship program was purely based on my per sonal professional growth and development as a claims officer and the concurrent pursuit and achievement of my objective to make use of the available resources at my disposal at Ping and Insurance Company. After drafting and formulating my Fellowship plan, I realized that it might not be possible for me to realize all of my set objectives at ING Insurance Company Limited because of factors purely beyond my control, a number of them being factors contributed by the environment. It is however for these reasons that were beyond my control that made me move to a different company that would enable me achieve my personal goals and objectives. However, fortunately enough, I was offered a position as a claims officer at HSBC Group Insurance Company in the year 2004. At, HSBC Group Insurance Company where I dealt with Approval of claim payment for the subordinates and handling Motor specialized in Legal Cases (including personal injury liability claim and third party property damage claim) , I was exposed to varied insurance modules.PlanKeeping the challenges in mind, the formulation of the Fellowship programme made me have a personal reflection on my career and the possible ways I could achieve all of my objectives and the possible ways I could deal with problems I encounter. The SWOT analysis of my Fellowship plan revealed the strengths and weaknesses I had in Claims insurance as a claims officer, an area I had gained experience in. One of my weakness was lack of experience in certain matters in claims insurance, a weakness I had to work on at AoN services Hong Kong Limited where I am currently a claims director. The opportunities at AoN services Limited offered me a chance to explore more about claims insurance. SWOT analysis revealed that the threats at hand related to the limited availability of time necessary to harness resources inorder to explore the opportunities before the changes in the external environment, particularly the market, occur. My biggest achie vement is my Masters degree in Law, specialized in International and Commercial Law which I completed last year.Changes to planIn the year 2012, I however realized that I could not achieve my objectives at Jardine Lloyd Thompson Limited where I was serving as a senior claims manager. This was because of reasons that were largely and greatly beyond my control. A number of firms in the insurance industry had started to make losses because of poorly forecasted insurance brokerage results. Due to loss of confidence in the insurance brokerage service, Jardine Lloyd Thompson Limited decided to revisit its focus as a result of continuous losses made by the business firm. Because of this, I realized that it would be hard for me to proceed, advance and grow to high hierarchy levels at Jardine Lloyd Thompson Limited. The reality that I could not advance and grow at Jardine Lloyd Thompson Limited as planned was a big source of my disappointment. This disappointment made me realize that there is much I need to learn in insurance.Self-learning and awarenessMany a times, I found it much difficult to undertake necessary adjustments that would enable me become the best insurance claims officer. With much support from my previous manager at Jardine Lloyd Thompson Limited not forgetting my colleagues, i became an expert in insurance claim. The expertise enabled me land for a position of claims director at the prestigious

Physiological And Behavioral Effects Of Early Life Stress...

TITLE Meaghan Ferguson Columbia University The physiological and behavioral effects of early life stress (ELS) on the developing and adult brain are a subject of great interest in the field of neuroscience today. The ability to delineate the mechanisms and structures that are affected during postnatal exposure to chronic stress has the potential to provide invaluable insight into the development of a multitude of neuropsychiatric disorders. While we have come to understand a few of the mechanisms involved in many of these illnesses – such as the significance of the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) neurotransmitter in many depression cases – the complex nature of these disorders and our ability to effectively treat them remains elusive. Such an understanding of how the brain adapts and differentially develops as a result of chronic stress, particularly in early life, may also be able to broaden our understanding of the way in which the brain codes and responds to a variety of emotional triggers. Due to i ts bi-directional connections to limbic structures, as well as the large number of glucocorticoid receptors present within its pyramidal cells, the hippocampus (HC) is the main region of interest when considering stress genotype and phenotype. An enormous variety of proteins expressed within this highly significant structure have been the focus of modern research activities – including various cytokines, cell adhesion moleculesShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Traumatic Events On Infants And Young Children1320 Words   |  6 Pageschildren has been passed over when in reality early childhood is the stage when a child is most vulnerable to the effects of trauma (Perry et. al., 1995). There are numerous interventions for early childhood trauma that focus on the child and the child’s primary caregiver. I wanted to design an intervention that will be able to go beyond the home environment of the child and into the school environment. Teacher can become secondary caregivers in a child’s life. They can also spend a significant amountRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Therapy717 Words   |  3 Pagesare currently used to treat post-traumatic stress disorder are cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and relaxation training. As stated by Wicks-Nelson and Israel, CBT is â€Å"an approach to treatment that is based on a theoretical perspective that considers behavioral events, cognitive processes, and their interactions† (p. 412). According to Wicks-Nelson and Israel (2015), CBT is a 16-week program that consists of a variety of behavioral and cognitive-behavioral procedures. This is broken up into two segmentsRead MoreThe Effects Of Stress On Infants And Young Children1711 Words   |  7 Pagesenvironment shapes us as individuals and one of the ways our environment shapes us is through stress, either experienced directly or indirectly. Stress is a complex physiobiological response that can have enduring biological, emotional, and behavioral consequences (Lupien et al, 2009). A fetus is sensitive to hormonal and other physiological indicators of stress within the womb and exposure to stress carries on after conception and continues to affect emotional and cognitive functioning of infantsRead MoreKhaled Hosseinis The Kite Runner1741 Words   |  7 Pageson the physiological and psychological needs of each of the characters Motivation: Biological, Physiological, Environmental (3rd Edition). Boston: Pearson Education, Inc. Deckers, L. (2010) notes that psychological needs, do not have any material exitence and are mental or psychological in nature, in some cases, psychological needs are ssumed to emerge in to consciousness from physiological needs. Whereas physiological needs, is responsible for pushing and organsim into action, physiological needsRead MoreEssay on The Breakdown of Mental Health and Stability1611 Wo rds   |  7 Pagesmuch progress was made in the field of science in terms of understanding the functions of the human brain and some of its behavior. It seems that as each new day passes, something new is discovered about the brain, whether it be a new mental or physiological brain condition, or merely a link and clue to one of the vast number of questions the world has considering the human brain and behavior. These discoveries and answers are becoming more and more important and imperative due to the fact that theRead MoreAmerican Psychological Association Defines Traumatic Event989 Words   |  4 Pagesothers†(American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Childhood trauma is the experience of traumatic event or events which creates a substantial and long term damage to the mental and physical growth and development of a child(National Child Traumatic Stress Network, 2013). National prevalence of childhood trauma indicates trauma is a frequent occurrence in which majority of A mericas have witnessed or experienced a single or multiple traumatic events before adulthood. A 2013 study by National Survey ofRead MoreMindfulness Meditation On The Classroom Essay962 Words   |  4 Pagesschool. Additionally, the over-accumulation of toxic stress, either due to the pressures of schools or environmental (i.e., difficult exams, poverty, household dysfunction, etc.), can have negative and detrimental effects during childhood, as well as adulthood (Bucci et al., 2016). Pre-adolescence is a crucial stage in a child’s life because it is during this stage that kids can learn the coping mechanism that can prevent complications later on in life (Britton et al., 2014). Some children and adolescentsRead MoreThe Effects Of Stress On A Developing Child1662 Words   |  7 Pages The Impact of Stress on a Developing Child Name Course Institution Instructor Date Eiland, L., Romeo, R. D. (2013). Stress and the developing adolescent brain. Neuroscience, 249, 162-171. The adolescent phase is characterized by diverse and dynamic physiological and psychosocial changes. One of the most integral changes, as elicited by the authors, is the response to stressors. With specific regard to this stage, the author denotes that the stage is characterized by major shifts in HPA (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal)Read MoreThe Long Term Effects Of Childhood Abuse1562 Words   |  7 Pagesmoving throughout life. Individuals who haven’t be exposed to high doses of stress and trauma are ready to go into fight or flight at any moment, but when this system is started over and over again, it goes from being life saving to health damaging that’s when the individuals stress response is overworked and compromised which effects the brains structure, constantly increases ones heart rate, heightens blood pressure, and more. Research has been done for years on the long-term effects of childhood abuseRead More The Understanding of Behavior and the Brain Essay1195 Words   |  5 Pagesbiological mechanisms. A recent article in Newsweek comments on how those in the field of psychology and neuroscience are beginning to stress the fact that certain brain mechanisms account for mental illnesses and particular behaviors. Doctors seem to blame their patients peculiarities on a biologically based mental illness, rather then seeing them as individual responses to lifes circumstances (Begley 1998). It then becomes more common to prescribe drugs to alleviate the symptoms rather than understanding

Lord of the Flies - the Beast - 1347 Words

THE BEAST Throughout the novel Lord Of The Flies, the boys on the island are constantly faced with various fears. However there is nothing on the island which they fear more than the beast. In Lord Of The Flies, the theme of the beast is extremely important. The beast represents the way in which man will try to convince himself that there is no evil inside of him by making someone or something else seem to be the cause for the evil. There are many examples of evidence to support this throughout the book, but first it is necessary to outline the rise of the beast and the evil within the boys. Talk of a dangerous presence emerged on the very first day on the island, when a little boy with a mulberry-coloured birthmark on his†¦show more content†¦It must be noted that this is a subconscious search; none of the boys, with the exception of Simon, had realised that the evil came from within them. Moreover, it was dark when the dead pilot was discovered, therefore he was not se en as a man anyway. However, even if it had been light, he still would have been seen as the beast. When the search party, formed to confirm the existence of a beast, discovered the dead pilot, it was also dark, and this unfortunately made him seem to be a giant ape, thereby confirming the boys worst fears. The Lord of the Flies represents Beelzebub, a manifestation of Satan. It is this manifestation, in the form of a pigs head on a stake, which appeared to speak to Simon in the forest, while he was enduring one of his epileptic fits. Golding uses this to confirm to the reader Simons assertion that the evil on the island came from within the boys. Simon then climbed the mountain and discovered the truth about the dead pilot. Unfortunately, it was at this point where the evil truly emerged among all of the boys and Simon was mistaken for the beast in disguise and brutally murdered in a frenzy of insane chanting before he could tell them. This is a very significant turning poin t in the novel because it now seems as if all sense of morals and civilized values have been discarded by the boys, who have allowed evil to take control of their minds. Following Simons death it becomesShow MoreRelatedThe Beast In Lord Of The Flies1587 Words   |  7 Pageswill discuss the growing importance of the beast in William Golding’s award winning novel: Lord Of The Flies. Throughout history, beasts have been portrayed in many different ways, from grizzly bears, alligators, and even people. A lot of beasts have been created as scary looking, vicious animals, who play the role of villains in stories. Some beasts however, are generous animals who capture the hearts of princesses, such as the classic Beauty And The Beast. In Chapter One, the choir makes a firstRead MoreThe Beast That Burned Lord Of The Flies Analysis721 Words   |  3 PagesThe Beast that Burned In William Golding’s striking novel, Lord of the Flies, Golding explains human descent through the beast and the burning fire. The beast is a pressing topic that follows the boys throughout the novel. The boys attempt across the novel to discover what sort of the creature the beast is and destroy it. But what is the beast? Is it a terrible monster? No, the beast is the savagery that exists inside the boys. One of the first signs that Golding conveys that the beast lives insideRead MoreLord Of The Flies The Beast Character Analysis721 Words   |  3 PagesIn Lord of the Flies, Jack uses the beast to gain power on the island. In Lord of the Flies, a novel about the inner-workings of civilization, the distribution of power is something that is discussed multiple times. The person or people who are given power defines all of the components of a civilization (economy, government, social structure, etc.) When all of the boys in Lord of the Flies crash onto the island, the fight for power is initiated almost immediately. Ralph, who has all the characteristicsRead MoreThe Rise of the Beast in Lord of the Flies Essay2349 Words   |  10 PagesExplain the emergence and rise of the beast in Lord of the flies by William Golding: Introduction. (1911 - 1993) Golding wrote Lord of the Flies shortly after learning of the horrors of World War II and the Holocaust. Here is some information about him. He was born in 1911 at Saint Columb Minor in Cornwall, England, Sir William Gerald Golding was educated at the Marlborough Grammar School, where his father taught, and later at Brasenose College, Oxford. Although educated to be a scientistRead MoreLord of the Flies: The Beast Within Us All878 Words   |  4 Pageseven the best of people can be bitter by their own nature. In the novel, Lord of the Flies, William Golding removes the restraints of society to prove that it is human nature to live primitively and that evil lies within all of us. The sanctions of society begin to deteriorate due to the loss of communication, Jack’s obsession with hunting, and the inhumane nature of Jack and his â€Å"tribe†. In the novel, Lord of the Flies, the civilization weakens due to a meeting breaking down to complete chaosRead More Importance of The Beast in Lord of The Flies by William Golding1858 Words   |  8 PagesImportance of The Beast in Lord of The Flies by William Golding All the way throughout the book, of ‘Lord of the Flies’ there is one main, big theme; the beast. It was first introduced by a small boy who was described as ‘a shrimp of a boy, about six years old, and on one side of his face was blotted out by a mulberry-coloured birthmark.’ The boy with the mulberry-coloured birthmark said that it was ‘a snake-thing, ever so big.’ By describing the beast as a ‘snake-thing’ makes it soundRead MoreThe Inner Human Beast in Lord of the Flies by William Golding696 Words   |  3 PagesIn Lord of the Flies, William Golding uses symbolism and parables to illustrate and define the human inner beast. There are some main ideas that William Golding sets forth in Lord of the Flies. These main ideas are impulses of mankind and they exist within all human beings in the world. The author talks about how mankind and society gives us rules and duties. Like to act peacefully, have moral standards, and how to accept others and their views. The story can be told as if it were civilization versusRead MoreInner Evil in Lord of the Flies by William Golding Essay620 Words   |  3 PagesInner Evil Throughout the novel Lord Of The Flies, the boys on the island are continuously faced with numerous fears. Subsequently there is nothing on the island which they fear more than the beast. The beast is not a tangible object that can be killed or destroyed by conventional means, but an idea symbolizing the primal savage instincts within all people. Its Golding’s intention to illustrate the innate evil inside man through his view of human nature, the actions of the Jack and his tribe,Read MoreThe Immortality Of Man s Heart1579 Words   |  7 Pagesstop themselves from doing evil. In Lord of the Flies by William Golding a group of young, British schoolboys become deserted on a mysterious island after their plane crashes down at a time of war. As they fight for survival, they are also constantly conflicted by their own inner beings. One of Golding’s most significant themes throughout the book is that man is essentially corrupt and animalistic. In his book, he uses hunting , the beast, and the Lord of the Flies to symbolize the savagery that livesRead MoreWilliam Goldings Lord of the Flies Essay1255 Words   |  6 PagesThe Beast that Kills Slowly Savagery is the condition of being primitive, uncivilized or the quality of being fierce or cruel (Google). It is something that comes easy to everyone at certain times in our life. People will learn it is harder to be good than bad. Being bad comes natural to everyone; people like the thrill of taking a chance. People are trained to be civil and polite from the time one grows up and it is not that hard because of the society everyone lives in. What would happen if the

The War Of The European Powers - 1605 Words

Over the years America has gotten involved with many other countries. Countries where we have spread our beliefs and democracy. In doing so we have created many allies as well as enemies. Many people tend to disagree on when and where we get involved with foreign affairs. The US was very politically isolated from the world through the 19th century and into the 20th. This isolationist view of the 19th century can be seen through 1823 Monroe doctrine, In the wars of the European powers, in matters relating to themselves, we have never taken part, nor does it comport with our policy, so to do. Germany’s submarine warfare and Zimmerman’s note shifted our view and got us involved in WWI. (â€Å"U-S-History.com†) Today USA is a world super power and not nearly as isolated as we used to be. A foreign issue becomes an American issue when it threatens our security. This can be seen through the Cold War, global wars, cyber warfare, and terrorism. All of these issues show w hen we should get involved in the past and present. Firstly, the Cold War threatened our safety and security after WWII. After WWII the US finally thought they had peace at last. Meanwhile across the Atlantic, the rise of the â€Å"Iron Curtain† was underway. The Iron Curtain is defined as, â€Å"the ideological conflict and physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991.† (â€Å"AmericanHistoryUSA.com†) Communist Russia continued to gain powerShow MoreRelatedA Comparison of World War I and World War II Essay examples527 Words   |  3 PagesA Comparison of World War I and World War II World War I and World War II, while started by much of the same worldwide tensions, had drastically different results because of the much more destructive nature of World War II. Both world wars were started, ultimately, by nationalismRead MoreEurope s Influence On Western Europe1355 Words   |  6 PagesWorld Wars, shared the same history. In another perspective, it was also sometimes referring to a region where countries shared the same value: capitalism and democracy. Throughout the history, because of difference events, the position of Western Europe in the world has also changed. Before 1914, due to the rapid development of the Enlightenment ideas and the industrialization in Britain and France, the world major powers centrally seated in Western Europe. However, as the Western European countriesRead MoreCauses of First World War Essay940 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction The First World War started in 1914 and lasted for four years to end in 1918 when Germany, Russia, Austria-Hungary and Ottoman empires were defeated (Havers 7). There have been a number of causes identified to have led to the war but most of them are not as straightforward as many would think. In essence, the root causes of the war are deeper than most abstract reasons many authors have identified in the past. However, this does not mean that there was no trail of events which directlyRead MoreThe Colonization Of Europeans Into The North America1555 Words   |  7 PagesNew World. The colonization of Europeans into the North America had considerable impacts on the Native American lives. European empire at the time, such as the French, England and Spanish empires, often fought against each other for power and control. After the European tried to colonized, the Native American suddenly found themselves dealing with European power politics. The arrival of Europeans into the New World meant new political relationships for both the European and the Native Americans. EachRead MoreDefensive Foreign Policies865 Words   |  4 Pagesforeign policy was primarily acts of neutrality and refusal to be involved with European affairs that came out of a defensive reaction to perceived threats from Europe. Two of these policies in include Washington’s Proclamation of Neutrality and the Monroe Doctrine. Both of these policies expressed the neutrality of the United States in European affairs and helped the new country to develop without the constant threat of war. President George Washington issued the Proclamation of Neutrality in 1793Read MoreWas the Outbreak of General War in 1914 Inevitable After the Assassination of Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand?1705 Words   |  7 Pagesof general war in 1914 inevitable after the assassination of Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand? Various different factors led to the outbreak of the first World War- a war which incorporated all human, economic and military resources available to achieve total victory over the enemy. Roughly, the causes can be classified into long term (Franco-Prussian War, Imperialism, Alliance System, Anglo- German Naval Arms Race, etc.), short term (Morrocan Crisis, Agadir Crisis, Bosnian Crisis, Balkan Wars) and theRead MoreHow Isolationism Is A Part Of American Policy1602 Words   |  7 PagesAddress in 1796 and lasting to the end of World War II. Factors like thousands of miles of sea between the US and Europe, fear of entangling alliances and a desire to remain autonomous contributed to the overall isolationist sentiment of many Americans. In addition, nativist sentiment has been present throughout American history as a product of isolationism and, among other factors, wage depression and fear of criminal behavior. During World War I, European countries were not only fighting with each otherRead MoreThe Greatest Single Cause Of The War Essay1741 Words   |  7 Pages‘The greatest single cause of the war was the system of secret alliances which developed.’ How far do you agree with this interpretation on what caused World War One. The first world war between the triple entente and the triple alliance is said to be the first modern war. A previously unseen number of human lives were lost on both sides and because of this when the war ended it came to be known as ‘the war to end all wars’ — as said by the former president of the United States Woodrow Wilson.Read MoreWas World War 1 Inevitable?1737 Words   |  7 PagesThe First World War has established an unforgettable memoir in the history books. World War 1 was a massacre of human life and an important event that determined the present state of the modern world. Yes, World War 1 was inevitable. The foundation of the causes of World War 1 can be traced back to several factors that were building up international tension to the ultimate result of war. In the 1900s, the European countries were extremely competitive in extending their influence around the worldRead MoreEssay on 1890 Europe As An Area of Growing Tension1326 Words   |  6 Pag esAlliance, through wars and turbulence in Europe the eventual outcome was the outbreak of the first world war. The western powers expanded colonies. However, national rivalries gradually grew and alliance camps emerged. Economic competition and arms race also became intense. The Balkans became a hotpot of western intervention, as the Ottoman Empire declined. Finally war broke out in 1914, a war which was unexpectedly disastrous and destructive in scale. The war was caused by

The Impact of the Great Depression on Black Americans Essay

The Impact of the Great Depression on Black Americans The stock market crash of October 1929 was the prelude to the Great Depression. It was a time of hardship and sorrow for many people. American morale was low, and money and food were scarce. Poverty and despair, however, were not foreign to the Black Americans; poverty had been common to them since their days of captivity. To many Black Americans who lived in the south, it was the return of old times. Sharecroppers and farm workers always lived in the midst of strife; they were never able to make a decent living. The boll weevil, soil erosion, and foreign competition had destroyed the cotton crop in the early Twenties. Life was difficult. No profits were being made, and†¦show more content†¦Americans roamed the streets searching for shelter in municipal lodging houses or Hoovervilles; some lived in railroad boxcars or constructed tents in vacant lots. When Franklin Roosevelt came to office in 1933, he emphasized relief, recovery, and reform through a program called the New Deal, but he had no plan to combat racial bias in the allotment of federal funds. Many Black Americans were unsure how much government help they would receive through this new program; the amount of relief that blacks received depended heavily upon the bias of the individual who headed each program. The Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) was designed to raise agricultural prices by paying farmers to cut production. Landowners were given this money and expected to distribute it among their tenants and sharecroppers; however, landowners rarely gave this money to their black workers. These black workers did not accuse their landowners of witholding money because they feared losing their jobs. Black Americans were also hurt through the National Recovery dministration (NRA). The NRA was formed to establish minimum wages for all workers, but these wages tend ed to hurt blacks, especially in the South with the enforcement of Black Codes. Because wages were equal for blacks and whites, many owners fired blacks to replace them with white workers. The higher wages enforced by the NRA caused prices to rise, but blacks often did notShow MoreRelatedHow did the events of the 1930’s impact African Americans prospects?809 Words   |  4 Pages1930’s impact African Americans prospects? Charlie Wilson The 1930’s was a time of great struggle in the USA. The New York stock market crashed in 1929 and triggered a spiral of economic depression, which hit African Americans hard. The Great Depression had a huge impact on African Americans. The Great Depression of the 1930s was catastrophic for all workers. But as usual, African Americans suffered worse, pushed out of unskilled jobs previously scorned by whites before the depression. AfricanRead MoreAnalysis Of Curley s Of Mice And Men 949 Words   |  4 Pages Crooks in Of Mice and Men Of Mice and Men took place during the Great Depression where the stock market crashed. Crooks lives by himself because he is the only black man on the ranch, feeling left out Crooks throws himself into reading books. Crooks longing to be a part of civilization, but because of the black and whites rules Crooks can’t be part the boy’s interaction. His American Dream is to be free and be able to join the man, that why he wanted to have his only farmRead MoreNational And International Level Events1100 Words   |  5 Pageseconomically through the depression and multiple wars and socially through the removal of the Japanese and the increased migration of African Americans. All together these factors shaped and molded the Pacific Northwest to create what it is today. National and international events had a major impact on the economy of the Pacific Northwest. During the 20th century there took place a large economic downturn in the industrial world, and countless people went unemployed. Called the Great Depression, it impactedRead MoreThe Black Renaissance And The Great Depression971 Words   |  4 Pageshistory African Americans have not had it easy. Blacks in America have had a long struggle to gain equality and freedom, which still exists to this day. The years 1917 to 1945 were particularly tough for African Americans. Racial discrimination was at a high and segregation laws enforced the idea that blacks were inferior to the whites. African Americans desired to escape the unfair treatment and obtain equal rights, but found themselves stuck. The two World Wars drew African Americans North in searchRead More America During WWII Essay1616 Words   |  7 PagesRoosevelt marks the address to congress concerning one of the most impacting events i n the history of the United States: the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Twentieth century American history was filled with monumental events. From the assassination of William McKinley and subsequent presidency of Theodore Roosevelt, to Black Thursday in 1929, to the assassination of John F. Kennedy in 1963 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965; numerous events throughout the last century helped mold the landscape ofRead MoreOf Mice And Men By John Steinbeck1150 Words   |  5 PagesSteinbeck in 1937 is a novel that juxtaposes hope and dreams against hardships and perseverance. Readers are positioned to accept the unattainability of the American dream during the great depression. The statement â€Å"...every damn one of ‘em’s got a little piece of land in his head. And never a God damn one of ‘em ever gets it† (Pg.73) is plausible to a great extent, exemplified through the failure of several characters hoping in achieving their own dreams. This is mainly emph asised with George and Lennie’sRead MoreMarch 4, 1929. 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A t that time, there was no abundance of anything: not jobs, not food, and certainly not an abundance of money, but there was surely an abundance of sadness. America had no hope since the money was a thin, green line. The Great Depression impacted the economyRead MoreRichard Wright And The Harlem Renaissance752 Words   |  4 Pagesof African American culture and showed the unaddressed problems among the black community. During that time, Richard Wright made a name for himself, writing books based on the racism that the black community faced and communism like Black Boy and Native Son. The Harlem Renaissance was a direct influence on Wrights work because he wrote about what was going on at that time. More specifically, Black Boy was written off of Wright’s childhood struggles and what it was like to be a black kid in theRead MoreHoover And Roosevelt s Actions During The Aftermath Of The Crash Of 1929792 Words   |  4 Pageswith the economic stagnation, social hardship and p sychological impact of the depression? What needed to be fixed and which approach proved more successful? In your essay you should address not only the underlying economic and social problems that both administrations had to deal with and the various corrective measures they adopted, but also the underlying philosophical approaches of Hoover and Roosevelt and their supporters. The Great Crash also known as Stock market crash of 1929, happened in 1929

Statistics 2 Free Essays

1. How large a sample was needed for the Voss et al. (2004) study according to the power analysis? Was this the minimum sample size needed for the study or did the researchers allow for sample mortality? Answer: After conducting a power analysis, the researchers planned a sample size of 96 patients for their study. We will write a custom essay sample on Statistics 2 or any similar topic only for you Order Now The 96 subjects allowed for 30 subjects per group for the three study groups plus 6 subjects for sample mortality or attrition. 2. What was the sample size for the Voss et al. (2004) study? Was this sample size adequate for this study? Provide a rationale for your answer. Answer: The sample size for this study was N = 62. The power analysis indicated that a sample of 96 was needed and the 62 subjects in the sample were less than was projected by the power analysis. However, preliminary analyses after the 62 patients were enrolled revealed significant groups differences. Since significant group differences were found, then the sample size was adequate and no Type II error occurred of saying the groups were not significantly different when they were. 3. What effect size was used in conducting the power analysis for this study? What effect size was found during data analysis and how did this effect the sample size needed for this study? Answer: A moderate effect size of 0. 33 was used to conduct the power analysis. During data analysis, the researchers indicated that significant group differences and large effect sizes were found for anxiety, pain sensation, and pain distress. Since a large effect size was found during data analysis, the sample size of 62 was adequate to detect significant group differences versus the 96 projected in the power analysis. The larger the effect size, the smaller the sample needed to detect group differences. 4. What power was used to conduct the power analysis in the Voss et al. (2004) study? What amount of error exists with this power level? Provide a rationale for your answer. Answer: The researchers set the power at the standard 0. 8 or 80%. This is considered the minimum acceptable power to use in conducting a study. When power is set at 80%, then the possible error is 0. 0 or 20% or 100% – 80% = 20%. 5. If researchers set the power at 90% to conduct their power analysis, would there be less or more chance of a Type II error, than setting the power at 80%? Provide a rationale for your answer. Answer: If the researchers set the power at 90%, there is less of a chance for a Type II error than if they set the power at 80%. At a power of 90%, the chance of error is 10% or 100% – 90% = 10%. A power of 80% has a 20% chance or error or 100% – 80% = 20%. How to cite Statistics 2, Essay examples

Challenges in Cyber Security for Business †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Challenges in Cyber Security for Business. Answer: Introduction My project report is based on the topic Challenges in Cyber Security for Business. I have noticed that the cyber security is a common problem that is present worldwide and with the rapid use of the technology this have become a rising problem. In order to cope up with the different problems of the cyber security, there are many challenges that has to be faced. I have seen that the data protection and the privacy are some of the common concerns of any organization as they are easily leaked and misused and can easily lead to several drastic consequences. However, I have noticed that nowadays the amount of money which is spend on the operations and the data security is primarily from the intruders. Most of the organizations now a days are seen to spent on their online and data maintenance platforms. I have understood that they need to take up steps so that they can easily save their own information and data of their customers. Some of the examples that can be cited is of the innocent cu stomers becoming a part of their fraudulent charges without having any clue or even knowledge of it. In this research proposal I have made a focus on the challenges and the incidents that the customers and the company might face in order to maintain their cyber security in the business area. I have also made sure to follow the different procedures that I have prepared in the report that includes the possible techniques that has to be conducted. Evaluation of effectiveness I have made the project scope in a wider aspect and this is solely because to address the cyber security in the business world that needs to be focused at an industrial level globally. These concepts will also be discussed by me along with addressing the challenges. I have widened the scope and made a horizon of their knowledge and that is how the business can be made more secure and safer. It can be said that the technology nowadays is an integral part of the business operations that can easily pose for the threats in the business operations. I have realized that there is a need to tackle the threats so that it becomes competent in the business environment. Objectives In this report, the key objectives that I have identified is that the cyber security challenges are prevalent in the business field and the method needs to be addressed is also mentioned. I have seen that all of these challenges are faced at a global level. I have not only limited the project to the different challenging discussions on the cyber security but also to the alternative discussions that is available in meeting the discussed challenges. My aim on this project is to find out the different solutions to the problems that can be faced by the organizations in this present situation of the business environment. Evaluation In this section, I have tried to provide a data information section on the topic Challenges in Cyber Security for Business. I have realized that the cyber security is one of the prime challenges in the business organization in the current competitive environment. This is primarily because the technology is growing at a rapid pace and almost all the organizations are trying their level best to manage with their technological devices like the laptops, computers, mobiles, internet and the rest that has led more challenges and attacks in the business. The wide range of the cyber attacks that has been faced and experienced in the last few years has been mentioned by me in this report and its possible cures using the improvisations of the security mechanism. In other words, it can be stated that the cyber security is a digital informational property that is used by the companies so that it can easily be protected. This has eventually become one of the serious management issues. There are certain challenges in the in the world of the cyber security that has made an increased growth in the data from the different business systems. As per Best, Endert and Kidwell (2014), it can be said that the technology has become an essence in the business. It brings development and growth into the system of the business just like two aspects in the business technology world, that has some of the side effects. I have found out some of the affects in the security and the privacy of the data. The cyber security hence is termed as an important factor that has the ability to face the challenges that may initially lack funding from the government. I have realized that cybercrime damages the whole data that is prevalent in the business. Hence if the employees become more trained it will be easier to manage the cyber security issues along with arousal of the ethical issue. I have evidenced it that the employees who used to be once the ethical hackers have now turned into unethical hackers after they leave their organization. In this 21st century, the cyber security is developing at a rapid pace. There are too many challenges as well that might be because of the productivity of the business that is quite degrading. In this research, I have invested a lot of time in understanding how to maintain the security of their information and business data. The factors that are the leading threats and challenges has also been explained. Some of the factors like the lack of the collaboration and leadership, knowledge and laws about the cybercrime are all set ups for an effective control in the business security process. Learning plan My primary research questions deal with: What are the major cyber security challenges in the business? My secondary question deals with: How the cyber security challenges can be mitigated? In this research methodology, I have used approaches and methods that is quite relevant to the given topic. I have used the mixed method that includes both the qualitative and the quantitative data in using and collecting it. This data has helped me in gathering the answers of the questions in this research process. The qualitative data is based on the gatherings of the opinions of the people and their secondary resources that is a quantitative data. I have collected the primary and the secondary data from the different sources. I have collected the primary data through a questionnaire survey of 10 people who works in an IT firm and were asked about the safety and the cyber security measures in their organization. In case of the secondary data, I have collected this from the journals, books and the web sources. I have gathered a sample from a size of 10 respondents. I have saved strong passwords so that none can modify and misuse the collected data and keep it as confidential. The only limitations that was faced by me while conducting this research is the shortage of the time provided. The time was so shortly provided that the data could not be analyzed and collected in a proper way. I have created a time schedule or an action plan so that the research can be easily completed within the time period provided. I have provided the Grantt chart that is based on the geographical representation of the action plan of the research so that it may be competed at a perfect time. Conclusion In todays world, the cyber security is an essential part of the business that is used to maintain the secrecy and the privacy of the data and I have realized that it is an integral part of the competition in the industry. The challenges that I have faced in securing the data is the shortage of time. The other different challenges that can be used to mitigate the process of security is through proper training of the employees. The main aim is to focus on the integration of the data and adoption of the measures that will help in the security challenges. References Best, D.M., Endert, A. and Kidwell, D., 2014, November. 7 key challenges for visualization in cyber network defense. InProceedings of the Eleventh Workshop on Visualization for Cyber Security(pp. 33-40). ACM. Elmaghraby, A.S. and Losavio, M.M., 2014. Cyber security challenges in Smart Cities: Safety, security and privacy.Journal of advanced research,5(4), pp.491-497. Gunes, V., Peter, S., Givargis, T. and Vahid, F., 2014. A survey on concepts, applications, and challenges in cyber-physical systems.TIIS,8(12), pp.4242-4268. He, H., Maple, C., Watson, T., Tiwari, A., Mehnen, J., Jin, Y. and Gabrys, B., 2016, July. The security challenges in the IoT enabled cyber-physical systems and opportunities for evolutionary computing other computational intelligence. InEvolutionary Computation (CEC), 2016 IEEE Congress on(pp. 1015-1021). IEEE. Kumar, V.A., Pandey, K.K. and Punia, D.K., 2014. Cyber security threats in the power sector: Need for a domain specific regulatory framework in India.Energy Policy,65, pp.126-133. Reddy, G.N. and Reddy, G.J., 2014. A Study of Cyber Security Challenges and its emerging trends on latest technologies.arXiv preprint arXiv:1402.1842. Robert, M. and Directorate, I.C., 2015. ISR. Sadeghi, A.R., Wachsmann, C. and Waidner, M., 2015, June. Security and privacy challenges in industrial internet of things. InDesign Automation Conference (DAC), 2015 52nd ACM/EDAC/IEEE(pp. 1-6). IEEE. Scully, T., 2014. The cyber security threat stops in the boardroom.Journal of business continuity emergency planning,7(2), pp.138-148. Thuraisingham, B., Kantarcioglu, M., Hamlen, K., Khan, L., Finin, T., Joshi, A., Oates, T. and Bertino, E., 2016, July. A Data Driven Approach for the Science of Cyber Security: Challenges and Directions. InInformation Reuse and Integration (IRI), 2016 IEEE 17th International Conference on(pp. 1-10). IEEE. Tisdale, S.M., 2015. CYBERSECURITY: CHALLENGES FROM A SYSTEMS, COMPLEXITY, KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE PERSPECTIVE.Issues in Information Systems,16(3). Van den Berg, J., Van Zoggel, J., Snels, M., Van Leeuwen, M., Boeke, S., van de Koppen, L., Van der Lubbe, J., Van den Berg, B. and De Bos, T., 2014. On (the Emergence of) Cyber Security Science and its Challenges for Cyber Security Education. InProceedings of the NATO IST-122 Cyber Security Science and Engineering Symposium(pp. 13-14).

Odysseus Characterization Paper free essay sample

In The Odyssey, the protagonist is a leader named Odysseus who goes on a journey with his crew to get back home to Ithaka from Troy, after the trojan war. In the epic poem, The Odyssey, the poet Homer, suggests that Odysseus is a superior leader which is revealed by Odysseuss, bravery, intelligence, and perseverance. Odysseuss bravery sets himself apart from other leaders. Odysseus has to display an example to his crew by inspiring them with his fearlessness. Odysseus illustrates his grit when he forces his crew to carry on with going to the underworld: â€Å"We must go/ to the cold homes of death and pale Persephone/ to hear Teiresias tell of time to come/ They felt so stricken, upon hearing this, / they sat down wailing loud, and tore their hair/But nothing came of giving way to grief/ Down to the shore the ship at last we went. We will write a custom essay sample on Odysseus Characterization Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † Homer 10. 623-625 . Odysseus showcases his hardiness when his crew does not want to go to the Underworld, but Odysseus presses on, while knowing that lost and terrifying souls await him. Odysseus’s fortitude spreads throughout his crew, if he is scared, his followers also feel fear. Without courage the team can not get home to Ithaka. In order to achieve his goal, the Odysseus needs to speak with Teiresias. Also Odysseus displays his fearlessness when he is trapped in the Kyklopss cave: â€Å"’Now, by the gods, I drove my big hand spike/ deep in the embers, charring it again,/ and cheered my men along with battle talk/ to keep their courage up: no quitting now/†(Homer 9. 06-409) . Odysseus exhibited superb pluck when executing his plan of blinding the Kyklops Had Odysseus not led his people by bravely heading the attack, his words would have meant nothing to the crew. For a leader to be â€Å"brave† he does not only have to be able do the impossible by himself, but he must also influence the people around him to continue on by his side. To be an epic leader intelligence is necessary. One can be brave, but without wit his courage may result in a poor decision. Odysseus uses his intellect to strategically send only three members of his crew to explore the land of the lotuss: â€Å"then I sent two picked men and a runner to learn what race of men that land sustained† (Homer 9. 96-97). Odysseus knows that is the inhabitants are hostile he can lose his entire team, but this way he potentially risks only a fraction of his men. Decisions made by a leader without acuity are futile and may prove harmful to his constituents. Furthermore, Odysseus exemplifies his intelligence when instead of mindlessly slaughtering the suitors, he creates a plan to overcome the fact that he is outnumbered: â€Å"’Put aside two broadswords and two spears/ for our own to use, two oxhide shields nearby/ when we go into action. Pallas Athena, and Zeus All Provident will see you through, bemusing our young friends† (Homer 16. 352-358). Odysseus comes up with the plan to prepare weaponry for himself to ensure he had enough to destroy the suitors, while at the same time making sure the suitors do not acquire arms themselves. Although Odysseus wants to annihilate the suitors he keeps his motives in sight and manages to formulate the plan. The analytical ability to act in a difficult situation is essential for a good leader because the environment is ever changing and sometimes rapid decisions must be made. In the end Odysseuss scheme succeeds to provide arms for him and his accomplices, but the suitors are still able to gain weapons. Without perspicacity strength and bravery are nothing. What sets Odysseus apart from other Greek heroes is that he prefers to fight with his brain rather than with his brawn. Odysseuss reason also helps him make up for the fact that unlike the other Greek heroes, he does not have immortality. Lastly, Odysseuss perseverance made it possible for him to finally make it home to Ithaka, his persistence effects his crew which looks up to him for guidance. When Odysseus arrives home he describes what he had to endure to his wife Penelope: â€Å"’My lady, / what ordeals have we not endured! Here, waiting/ you had your grief, while my return dragged out-/ my hard adventures, pitting myself against/ the god’s will†¦ But now our life resumes: we’ve come together to our longed-for-bed†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Homer 23. 394-400). Both Odysseus and his wife have to cope with many challenges throughout Odysseuss 20 year absence. Even after his crew perished and he is left shipless, Odysseus does not give up. Likewise, when Odysseus has to sacrifice his men in a fight against Skylla, he grieves for his loss but he understands that he must push on : â€Å"Now I let go with hands and feet, plunging/ straight into the foam beside the timbers, /pulled astride, /and rowed hard with my hands/ to pass by Skylla†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Homer 9. 564-568). Odysseus is forced overboard into the raging ocean, but he continues to hope. After losing his crew and his ship Odysseus never sets the sight of his goal to reach home. If Odysseus gives up when the gods throw everything they have at him, his quest is impossible. Instead of cowering from his fears, Odysseus attacks them head on, thus proving he will not surrender to challenges until his final destination is reached. Due to his bravery, his intelligence, and his perseverance, Odysseus is depicted as a phenomenal leader in the epic poem The Odyssey. Odysseuss courage in the Kyklopss cave makes it possible for him and his crew to escape the beast. Without Odysseuss acumen it would be impossible for him to surpass the many suitors that ravaged his home. Most importantly, Odysseus carries on when all odds are against him. Without his dedication Odysseus would not be able to bypass the formidable monsters that block his path back home. Many modern leaders can take Odysseuss example; for instance, modern day politicians need to endure when tackling challenges that at times may seem unbeatable. The only way to try to make the world a better place is to solve monumental problems that affect out everyday lives, such as unemployment and conservation of our environment. We, the human race as a whole, are Odysseus and we need to challenge the Polyphemus, which the modern problems of our world.

Dantes Divine Comedy Essays - Literature, Divine Comedy, Fiction

Dante's Divine Comedy Essays - Literature, Divine Comedy, Fiction Dante's Divine Comedy In Dante's Divine Comedy, Dante incorporates Virgil's portrayal of Hades from The Aeneid into his poem, and similarities between the Inferno and Hades can be drawn, however Dante wasn't attempting to duplicate Virgil's works. Although the Hell depicted in Dante's Inferno is essentially based on the literary construction of the underworld found in Virgil's Aeneid, in their particulars the two kingdoms are quite different. Virgil's underworld is largely undifferentiated, and Aeneas walks through it without taking any particular notice of the landscape or the quality of suffering that takes place among the dead. Aeneas' first concern is with the fate of his friends, then with meeting his father once more: the philosophical and religious significance of sin and death is nothing to him, and there is no moral judgement implied in the fate of the departed. In Dante's Inferno, on the other hand, there is a systematic differentiation of the landscape, and each progressively lower circle of he ll implies a deadlier sin. The quality of punishment given out to the sinners is thus increased as Dante's descend, and Dante's compassion for the dead lessens as he moves downward to the bottom of hell. Virgil's underworld is really an extension of the natural world, being entered through a cave mouth at the end of a beach at the Euboian settlement of Cumae, renowned as the dwelling of Sibyl, it is she who permits his passage to the realm below: The cavern was profound, wide-mouthed and huge, Rough underfoot, defended by dark pool And gloomy forest. Overhead, flying things Could never take their way, such deathly Exhalations rose from the black gorge Into the dome of heaven.(Fitzgerald, p168) Virgil's first descriptions of the underworld are dramatic and turbulent, and there is even a series of symbolic fates that are medieval in their abstraction: And pale Diseases and sad Age are there. And Dread, and Hunger that sways men to crime. And sordid want in shapes to affright the eves And Death and Toil and Death's own brother, Sleep(Fitzgerald, p.169) But once Aeneas gets past these figures, and the on rushing horde of the dead and dying at the boatman's shore, the underworld turns out to be relatively calm and stable setting. There are some further similarities between Virgil's and Dante's hells, no doubt due to Dante's close reading of the Latin and his wish to make Virgil his guide and mentor. For example, there are periodic challenges to the living as they walk through hell, and the boatman warns Virgil, It breaks eternal law for the Stygian craft to carry living bodies. Virgil also conceived the idea of separating the dead infants wail in one area, the falsely accused and condemned in another, the suicides in yet another. But all Virgil's dead are condemned to the same hopeless fate, and it is only the memory of life which torments them. Conscious of this, Aeneas apologizes to Dido for deserting her at the behest of the gods; unfortunately, Dido repudiates him and joins Sychaeus, her former mate. A central concern of many of Aeneas encounters is whether or not the burial rituals have been carried out; the unburied are not even allowed to cross the River Styx, and those whose rituals have not been properly performed seem to suffer some kind of anguish on that account. The main purpose of Aeneas' visit to the underworld is to see his father, and the encounter with Anchises is one of the high points of the Aeneid. The basic distinction of Virgil's hell is that the elect are sent to the Blessed Groves, where, as one of them tells Virgil, We walk in shady groves, and bed on riverbanks and occupy green meadows fresh with streams. (Fitzgerald, p183) Here Aeneas meets Anchises, and his father gladly tells him about the great secrets of eternal life, and how those Souls for whom a second body is in store drink from the waters of forgetfulness. In Virgil's scheme, the virtuous dead are reborn through the device of cleansing their memories, thr ough a vague process of purification at Elysium. Most important of all, however, is the knowledge that the living Aeneas will go on to found Rome

Correct Use of the Adjective Reincarnate

Correct Use of the Adjective Reincarnate Correct Use of the Adjective Reincarnate Correct Use of the Adjective Reincarnate By Maeve Maddox The word reincarnate used as an adjective is extremely popular with writers who comment on politics and entertainment. Many of the ways in which the word is used, however, are questionable. First, some definitions. Incarnate is related to the Latin word for flesh (caro). To incarnate is to enter into a fleshly body. The Incarnation is the Christian doctrine that God inhabited a human body as Jesus. Pre-Christian belief included the belief that a god could walk the earth in human form. The religious concept of reincarnation is the belief that when a human body dies, the spirit that inhabited it is reborn into another body. As an adjective, incarnate often follows a noun and means in the flesh. Ex. Some regarded Hitler as the devil incarnate. Like incarnate, the adjective reincarnate is almost always placed after the noun it describes. Ex. Many believed that John the Baptist was Elijah reincarnate. As an adjective reincarnate means reincarnated. Here are some examples of reincarnate from the web. Some are used incorrectly. 1. Palin may well be Dick Cheney’s reincarnate. 2. The big question: Is G.W. Bush the reincarnate of our lord and savior? 3. Look at GOP’s embrace of Sarah Palin – a Bush reincarnate – as its future savior. 4. Bush essentially describes himself as a reincarnate of Harry Truman. 5. But what if shes pregnant with the Michael Jackson reincarnate? 6. I dont know anyone, liberal or conservative, that thinks Michelle Obama is some kind of Jackie Kennedy reincarnate. 7. Hoping in vain to be perceived as John F. Kennedy reincarnate, in the summer of 1999 Bill Clinton†¦ 8. From the beginning I have said that this hot young man must be Elvis reincarnate. 9. If Bush pardoned someone who re-offended, the Times would run 47 front page stories on the person and act like he was Son of Sam reincarnate. 10. Bush’s agenda to reincarnate NATO, inspired by the Wolfowitz document, is key to this oil strategy. Comments Items 1-5 use reincarnate as if it were a noun. The noun form is reincarnation. Corrections: Dick Cheney’s reincarnation (the possessive calls for a noun) the reincarnation of our lord and savior (the article the calls for a noun) a Bush reincarnation (the article a calls for a noun) a reincarnation of Harry Truman. (ditto) the reincarnation of Michael Jackson (see number 2.) NOTE: Strictly speaking, for a person to be somebody else reincarnate, the somebody in question should be dead. We can suggest that someone is Truman reincarnate, or Michael Jackson reincarnate, because Truman and Jackson are dead. In the case of the living, like Cheney and Bush, a play on the word clone might be more apt. To suggest that someone is a living person reincarnate conjures up the spooky idea of two spirits inhabiting one body. Items 6-8 use the adjective reincarnate correctly. Item 9 is iffy. In one sense Son of Sam is still alive in the person of lifer David Berkowitz. On the other hand, the murderer Son of Sam is presumably dead, i.e., off the streets. Son of Sam reincarnate works, but the writer could have come up with a murderer who, like the Wicked Witch of the East, is not only merely dead, but really most sincerely dead. Item 10 uses reincarnate as a verb. The questionable use here is not that NATO is not a fleshly body inhabitable by a spirit. Reincarnate and its forms are often used figuratively. Whats wrong here is that NATO never died. If NATO had been dissolved and then a new organization formed under a new name to include the old Soviet bloc, reincarnate would be appropriate. ACORN (Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now), for example, is busily reincarnating under various new names in the different states. Bottom line: dont confuse the post-positional adjective reincarnate with the noun reincarnation. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Synonyms for â€Å"Leader†Select vs. Selected10 Humorous, Derisive, or Slang Synonyms for â€Å"Leader† or â€Å"Official†

Business Research Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business Research Methods - Essay Example Today, highly advanced technologies are available and that can be used for various purposes of an organization. Information technology, mainly use of computer and software-assisted tools can be used for research and various other organizational functions. In research, different types of software can be used to ensure greater accuracy and dependability of the data or information being collected and studied. Purposes of Organizational Research Business organizations require useful, valid and accurate data in order to run the business effectively. When data are made available in the form of raw and they are converted to more useful, analyzed, synthesized and evaluated form, known as information, they are more helpful to managers to make appropriate decisions (Sekaran, 2003, p. 42). Basically, the research is conducted for two different purposes, one is to find a solution to a current problem faced by managers in specific work setting and it requires timely solution. This is known as app lied research. The second is to generate a body of knowledge in order to solve certain problems that are likely to occur within the organization. it is known as basic research (Sekaran, 2003, p. 7). For a business organization, financial and various other functional data play vital roles in decision making and many other managerial functions. For example, sales figures, gross and net profit, sales returns, reasons for sales return, commission or interest received, percentage increase in interest and profit and many other financial data are of greater use to the business. Both financial and management accounting departments can make use of these information for various decision making and strategic thinking processes. As Ghauri and Gronhaug (2005, p. 5) noted, business organizations are attempting to develop strategic monitoring programs in order to help them identify and recognize competitors’ strengths, weaknesses and overall business strategies. Business firms can establish computer-based analysis so that they can provide better information-management system to help them develop effective strategies and thus to sustain business success. As it is clear with any case, none can take decisions on any important issue unless a more deep investigation about that specific issue can be conducted. This investigation is more likely to help analyze all these information to make a judgment about the right solution to the specific problem being identified. Business Research with presently available software Generally, in recent years computer has become an integral part of business and it plays extremely significant roles in research as well. In simple terms, computer software like Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel and any other spreadsheet or document software that are currently available are widely used for various research purposes. All these sorts of software are used for recording, listing, analyzing, interpreting, calculating, controlling, evaluating and synthe sizing different types of data. For instance, Microsoft Excel can be used for calculations and data presentation in a large numbers of different formats. Apart from these very basic software tools that are widely used for organizational research, following are some of other software that have recently gained significant importance in research. 1- Groupware- Groupware is a software, linked to networking to help research team work on

Applying innovation idea of Grameen Phone(Grameen Bank Project) in the Research Paper

Applying innovation idea of Grameen Phone(Grameen Bank Project) in the new geographical location (Perhaps Kazakhstan) - Research Paper Example An exhaustive analysis of this business model shows that among the superfluity of explanations, three essentials are generally notable: The product or service anticipated for the clienteles. The manner in which the company is structured so as to provide this product and service to its clients. The profits concept. Social businesses could be viewed as a detachment of social private enterprise, which comprises both profit and non-profit ingenuities, and which could be notable from conservative entrepreneurship. Therefore, a social business is a novel formula of business that could be positioned anywhere between a profit-making and a non-profit-making business enterprise.2 In the year1996, in partnership with other three overseas enterprises, the Grameen Bank formed a mobile phone firm, the Grameen Phone, to spread telephone facilities through Bangladesh. Without any land-line facility in most of the Bangladeshi villages, mobile phone know-how was vital to usher the country into the ele ctronic communication age. By thought-provoking the conventional knowledge and rules of business, Grameen Phone had opened a novel market. In relation to the Grameen Phone innovation policy, its application in Kazakhstan would indeed be a real benefit when considering that the country has some imbalances in terms of poverty levels. It would allow most of the poor or middle class persons to access loans that would enable them change their financial stature. Precedencies for the innovation strategy are all hypothetically. To achieve long-standing strategic policies and innovation methods defies the distinctive focus that deals with developing a suitable environment to let the mechanisms of the Grameen Phone innovation policy. The worldwide practice demonstrates that a country: in this case Kazakhstan, with a market economy can collaborate with the private segment stakeholders in essential alterations in the economy.3 A good example of this case scenario is that of the current China wh ich also follows the innovation policy of teamwork with the private sector in scheming strategic innovation and industrial development ways. 1) Investment co-ordination- Like in most parts of Kazakhstan, the unfledged markets are not in a position to evaluate the demand for new improved quality services and 4products to be manufactured through development of the production channels. This investment innovation co-ordination model policy recommends certain dimensions at both the state and private establishments. 2) Business collaboration development ingenuities. Hands-on state business collaboration strategy could be unswervingly targeted to reinforce business contacts in the following groupings: Particular groups of investors formulate innovative market areas and are an indicator on information on invention criteria. Purveyors of equipment permit production involvement alongside it. Purveyors of inputs add to generation of new innovative ideas and invention approaches while consideri ng challengers as a rich basis for new concepts.5 Countries with unfledged market may require a facilitator to stimulate the snowballing market allowance and business collaboration procedures. Founded on the global experience, the approach implementation ought to put emphasis at initiatives pursuing investments synchronization and expansion of business collabor

Systematic approach to recruitment and selection,

Systematic approach to recruitment and selection, Systematic approach to recruitment and selection, and its efficacy in attracting diverse workforce within the equal opportunities employment legal framework Introduction In modern organizations, diversity management has become synonymous with fair and equal opportunities employment, even though traditional context of equal opportunities is closely related with legal aspects of treatments of potential and current employees. Today, diversity management activities are grounded in monitoring of direct and indirect discrimination and interventions to reinforce fair treatment of women, ethnic minorities, the aged and the disabled. Therefore, the fairness paradigm has become the benchmark for managing differences and must be congruent with business objectives. This paradigm emerged from the perspectives that organizations need a diverse workforce to re-think and re-define primary tasks related to strategies including organizational objectives, goals, markets, products and resource allocations (Cornelius, Gooch and Todd in Noon and Ogbonna 2001). Diversity management is different from equal opportunities, yet it is based on the same foundation. Equal opportu nities amplify policies and practices that reflect the external legal framework and offer chances for competition. In human resource management, this is usually inherent in the practices of recruitment and selection, and at times in training and development. The basic premise is to ensure that equal opportunities should be given to people who are in competition with each other for areas of employment and selection, regardless of their age, gender, race or disability. The objective is not to elicit equal outcome. When implemented within the organizational framework that follows systematic approach to human resources management, the fine line between equal opportunities and diversity management, at times, becomes blurred. Consequently, organizations are often found striving for a balance in maintaining diverse workforce within the realms of the equal opportunity laws to achieve equality and organizational strategic objectives. Given the blurring definition of diversity and equal opportunities in employment, critics find systematic approach to recruitment and selection less appealing as strategic human resource management component. Others argue that as a critical component of HRM, recruitment and selection accommodates for both external and internal environmental change. In the ensuing discussion, the researcher shall evaluate the extent of the validity of this debate, and determine how attractive systematic approach to recruitment and selection is in acquiring diverse workforce in organizatio ns, and how successful organizations have been in integrating equal opportunities practices. Critical Evaluation of Systematic Approach to Recruitment and Selection Recruitment and selection processes are essential for strategic HRM involving and including job identification, job description, interviews, selection and orientation. It involves complex techniques and skills that assist decision-makers in selecting applicants for achieving organizational objectives, as well as personifies the organizational values, culture, behaviour and discipline. Recruitment and selection processes are based on systematic evaluation of personal and professional values, interpersonal skills, problem solving ability, attitude and behaviour of candidates, and testing them whether their attributes are congruent with the organizational values and objectives. Testing the type of employees the firm is about to hire helps determine the type of personality and how to mould them to the organizational culture. Selection decision is often based on a host of factors pertaining to job match, ability, professional qualifications, personal abilities, as well as employee's personality to match with the organization (Cornelius, Gooch and Todd in Noon and Ogbonna 2001). This traditional approach (also known as systematic approach) has evolved over the years and become refined as strategic recruitment and selection processes. Traditional approaches to recruitment and selection in earlier organizations based on psychometric models often assess applicant's performance with job fit whereas in modern organizations the systematic approach to recruitment and selection processes is strategic in nature, even though the foundation of the system has remained congruent with traditional approach (Beardwell and Holden 2003). Experts (Beardwell and Holden 2003; Thornhill et al., 2000) believe modern systematic approach to resourcing organizations has harmoniously integrated overall organizational strategies and processes rather than merely focusing on job-specific criteria. As a result, recruitment and selection processes have strategic implications, starting from how resourcing offers competitive advantage in the short run to valuing employees as organizational assets. The processes are aimed at achieving organizational objectives aligned with long-term organizational strategic vision. Components of systematic approach to recruitment, which include job analysis, job descriptions, development of competence frameworks, identification of person specifications and accountability, as well as advertisement, executive search, and Internet recruitment provide alternatives and ease to the process of recruitment for organizational resource acquisition. Alternatively, traditional approach to selection has remained somewhat similar to the preceding methods. For example, earlier recruitment processes have heavily relied on evaluation criteria, reliability on validity of candidate information, techniques of interviews and psychometric tests. Selection has also been based on matching job types with work styles through simulated evaluation tests. Today these components of selection are conducted in the same manner but often aided by the use of information technology systems and refined by integration of organizational objectives. Nevertheless, the fact remains recruitment and selection processes play critical roles in resourcing organizations and pooling of work skills. According to Beardwell and Holden (2003), HRM processes such as recruitment and selection are no longer viewed as the best-fit approach but have changed to resource-based view or best practice approach†. This makes them imperative for supporting corporate strategie s and organizational change management by acting as a lever for competitive advantage for organizations. Not only this, systematic approach to recruitment and selection has been set out to enable organizational management to establish frameworks for performance management. It is at this initial stage that managers determine roles, responsibilities, and performance outcomes to match with the most suitably skilled and motivated candidates for achieving organizational objectives. Moreover, basic principles for systematic approach to recruitment involve setting competitive framework for candidates to gauge future performance. For instance, evaluation and testing processes involve simulated tasks, psychometric tests, and validation of qualifications. It is through these simulated tests that managers gauge attitudes, behaviours, personality, and interaction with the candidates to determine job and candidate match. Selection is based on merit defined by the job specifications, individual commitment, and suitability for the positions within the company. The objectivity is to combine worker attr ibutes, skills, and abilities, and fit it within the organizational policies, procedures, and cultural frameworks, and thereby not to waste efforts and resources in conflict, power relations, subordination and normative institutional clashes in the future (Lucas 2003). In this regard, one could observe that systematic approach to recruitment, selection integrates external environmental factors like legal frameworks in policies, and procedures to ensure organizations establish a direct relationship with the candidates, job market and the legal environment. From this perspective, systematic approach to recruitment and selection processes is also said to have contributed to promoting and establishing trends for fair employment. However, critics do not have a consensus on fair distribution of representations of individuals where recruitment and selection processes are concerned. For example, Cornelius, Gooch and Todd (2001) are of the view that traditional equal-opportunity practices usually have unequal outcomes, depending on the culture of the organization, as well as the type of workforce required for the job. For example, gender and age discrimination are likely to become issues for unequal employment in industries where workers are required to be male of young age such as the logging industry. Commitment towards equal opportunity for fair representation of groups of individuals in recruitment and selection processes does not add value but rather hinders achievement of organizational objectives. Consequently, systematic approaches to recruitment and selection are not really effective in resolving strategic HRM issues pertaining to establishment of legal frameworks. Yet, one cannot deny the fact that organizations have not benefited from the systematic approach to pursue fair treatment and equal opportunities for employment. It is the essence of the systematic approach to recruitment, which takes into account of the changing environment, as well as business strategies that makes it dynamic, and thereby is effective in resolving management issues of diversity. Attraction of diverse workforce and implementation of equal opportunities employment There are many factors that are responsible for making an organization attractive for employees. Organizational reputation recognized for its fairness, culture, wage and talent pool, for example, are attraction for candidates. Similarly, job attractiveness is also dependent on the processes of recruitment and selection, and goals and ideology of the organization. In most organizations today, having a diverse workforce is no longer a luxury but a necessity and even a competitive advantage. A diverse workforce is essential in pooling skills and qualifications for achieving organizational strategic objectives in today's complex business environment (Sims 2002). Diversity, many claim, is distinguishable from equal opportunity as it serves the self-interest of organizations rather than social justice. It involves pursuance of policies that meet the demand of labour pool, and thereby gain the best qualifications from employees. It makes the economic justification for hiring individual s valuable in terms of business requirement, and labour market supply. It takes into account of the expressed need for employee satisfaction, which would lead to quality in productivity and increasing the talent pool direly required by dynamic organizations (Noon and Ogbonna 2001). Diversity is intrinsically linked with equal opportunity, according to experts (Thornley 2003). They argue that the labour market is typically characterized by competition where individuals compete for employment based on commutative justice. Free competition is prevalent and the reward for it is employment. Candidates vie for positions in organizations through display of qualifications, academic performance, ownership of skills, attitudes, and positive behaviours. Employers, on the other hand, form benchmarks for employment based on organizational requirements, policies and procedures in recruitment and selection. Employers are also mandated to follow government policy to benchmark wages, inflation and competitiveness for fair distribution of income and wealth. The government controls fair distribution of income by implementing policies of equal employment opportunities to eliminate formal and informal discrimination based on gender, age, race and disability. In the UK, this practic e is regulated by the EOC and through legal Acts often tends to constrain organizations for implementing fair employment. Despite critical objections to the efficacy and strategic nature of systematic approach to recruitment and selection, management of organizations cannot deny the fact that HRM processes have integrated diversity and equal opportunities policies and procedures to avoid adverse effects of the law. The EOC has formulated laws such as the Employment Act 1989/2002, Sex Discrimination Act, Equal Pay Act, Disability Discrimination Act 1995, Race Relations Act 1976, Employment Relations Act 1999 and the Employment Equality Regulations 2003 to curb discrimination of applicants for employment based on their gender, race, age and disability. To ensure that these laws are implemented within organizations, organizations have started to invest heavily in HRM processes congruent with the prescribed legal frameworks set by the EOC and the government. For most organizations, investment in these processes are necessary for compliance, while for others it is the long-term objective-achievement efforts as they view making their organization attractive to potential talents a strategic activity in itself. Consequently, HRM processes have been devised based on objective testing of candidates. Recruitment and selection models used for evaluating job performance, personality tests, cognitive ability tests, as well as testing of job knowledge take into account of achievement and skill proficiency. Organizations no longer depend on individual interviewer impressions to select and match candidates based on qualifications matching with job criteria. Instead, candidates are being tested for their abilities, skills and knowledge correlating with job performance regardless of their sex, age, race or disability (Hough and Oswald 2000). Furthermore, organizations are also using integrity tests and self-reports to check reliability and validity of counterproductive work behaviours. These systematic methods of recruitment and selection are based on the premise that effective recruitment leads to smooth functioning of organizations and successful recruitment and selection is based on finding the right person with the right skills, expertise and qualifications for achieving organizational objectives and contributing towards organizational values. For this purpose, a fair and consistent system of recruitment helps lessen the burden of employee conflict, turnover, absenteeism and dismissals. According to the Workforce Development Plan (2004) in the UK, for organizations to develop leadership capacity in their respective industry, they must develop skills and capacity of workforce, organizational performance management framework, pay and rewards system and, most importantly, ensure that equal opportunity and diversity practices are aligned with the entire recruitment and selection processes. The focus on abilities and aptitudes, and not stereotypes, would help lead to fair judgements about individuals based on their merits rather than their gender, age, race or disability (EOC 2006). Conclusion From the above discussion, one can conclude that the strategic nature of the systematic approach to recruitment and selection has made it the ideal tool for today's organizations to gain a competitive advantage in acquisition of skills and a diverse workforce. Strategic HRM requires that processes be in line with internal and external factors affecting organizational dynamics. For this purpose, these processes have to be flexible to accommodate change in the business environment. Two of the main factors that have been affecting modern organizations are equal employment opportunities and diversity. Self-interest for competitive advantage, as well as legal mandates have motivated organizations to invest in HRM processes and techniques to promote diversity and equal opportunities employment. These are evident in the various techniques used in recruitment and selection tests, as well as policies for hiring candidates. The practice is not isolated but rather has become the benchmark for organizations to attract a diverse workforce and remain aligned with the legal framework. Despite critics’ arguments, one could conclude that the traditional approach to recruitment and selection in today's organizations is objective in providing the required competitive advantage and strategic edge for competing in the highly dynamic business environment. References Beardwell, I. Holden, L. and Claydon (2003) Human Resource Management A Contemporary Approach. Fourth Edition. FT Prentice Hall. Employers Organization for Local Government (2004) Workforce Development Planning Guidance Document – May 2004. Employers Organization for Local Government, Online accessed on 12 January 2007 from: http://www.idea-knowledge.gov.uk/idk/aio/4465769. Equal Opportunities Commission (2006) Recruiting Staff Guidance for Managers and Supervisors, May 2006. Equal Opportunities Commission. Hough, L. M. and Oswald, F. L. (2000) Personnel Selection: Looking toward the Future-Remembering the Past. Annual Review of Psychology. pp. 631. Lucas, R. E. (2003) Employment Relations in the Hospitality and Tourism Industries. Routledge: New York. pp. 84 Millmore, M. (2003) Just How Extensive is the Practice of Strategic Recruitment and Selection? Journal of Management pp. 87 Noon, M. and Ogbonna, E. (eds) (2001) Equality, Diversity and Disadvantage in Employment. Palgrave: Basingstoke, England. pp. 32. Sims, R. R. (2002) Organizational Success through Effective Human Resources Management. Quorum Books: Westport, CT. Publication Year: pp. 107 Storey, J. (1992) Developments in the Management of Human Resources, Oxford: Blackwell. Thornhill, A., Lewis, P., Millmore, M. and Saunders, M. (2000) Managing Change: A Human Resource Strategy Approach, Harlow: Financial Times, Prentice Hall. Thornley, C. (2003) Labour market policy and inequality in the UK in Industrial and Labour Market Policy and Performance: Issues and Perspectives (eds) Cofey, D and Thornley, C., Routledge: New York. pp. 83